Pre-Excavation Organisation of Digital Data

Areas for excavation are usually covered by the respective regional coordinates system. As a rule, the responsible land surveying offices often have digital maps with land register data for the relevant project field as well as 3D coordinates for trigonometry points and landmarks. It is also generally easy to obtain the relevant digital planning data for building projects from the responsible planning, architects or engineering offices. Care must be taken to use the correct exchange format. The standard exchange format for CAD data is DXF format, which can be read by all professional and semi-professional CAD programs.

Fig. 2 Enkering, Eichstatt, Upper Bavaria. CAD main plan of a Hallstatt period settlement with a "Herrenhof" (manor farm) on the ICE line from Nuremberg to Ingolstadt. The excavation plan has been combined with diverse land register and project data from Deutsche Bahn AG's (German national rail company) planning offices.

If no regional coordinates are available for an excavation project, a local surveying system must be resorted to. This is constructed and orientated as far as possible using landmarks, buildings structures or other identifiable points on the land register map. It may be possible to retrieve survey points from GPS equipment if regional coordinates are not available for the surrounding area. The main survey points can be fixed with exact coordinates via geostationary satellites. GPS equipment is still relatively expensive but can be hired out from surveying companies.

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